安装

按照官方指引，可以全局安装，也可以在具体的pyhon解释器用pip安装(换句话说可以和全局解释器共存，比如类似miniconda的版本管理器)

https://github.com/astral-sh/uv

Rust出品，属实精品！

使用

初看

(base) [root@VM-113-76-centos /data/projects/personal]# uv -h
An extremely fast Python package manager.

Usage: uv [OPTIONS] <COMMAND>

Commands:
  run      Run a command or script
  init     Create a new project
  add      Add dependencies to the project
  remove   Remove dependencies from the project
  sync     Update the project's environment
  lock     Update the project's lockfile
  export   Export the project's lockfile to an alternate format
  tree     Display the project's dependency tree
  tool     Run and install commands provided by Python packages
  python   Manage Python versions and installations
  pip      Manage Python packages with a pip-compatible interface
  venv     Create a virtual environment
  cache    Manage uv's cache
  self     Manage the uv executable
  version  Display uv's version
  help     Display documentation for a command

Cache options:
  -n, --no-cache               Avoid reading from or writing to the cache, instead using a temporary directory for the duration of the operation [env: UV_NO_CACHE=]
      --cache-dir <CACHE_DIR>  Path to the cache directory [env: UV_CACHE_DIR=]

Python options:
      --python-preference <PYTHON_PREFERENCE>  Whether to prefer uv-managed or system Python installations [env: UV_PYTHON_PREFERENCE=] [possible values: only-managed, managed, system, only-system]
      --no-python-downloads                    Disable automatic downloads of Python. [env: "UV_PYTHON_DOWNLOADS=never"]

Global options:
  -q, --quiet                      Do not print any output
  -v, --verbose...                 Use verbose output
      --color <COLOR_CHOICE>       Control colors in output [default: auto] [possible values: auto, always, never]
      --native-tls                 Whether to load TLS certificates from the platform's native certificate store [env: UV_NATIVE_TLS=]
      --offline                    Disable network access
      --no-progress                Hide all progress outputs
      --config-file <CONFIG_FILE>  The path to a `uv.toml` file to use for configuration [env: UV_CONFIG_FILE=]
      --no-config                  Avoid discovering configuration files (`pyproject.toml`, `uv.toml`) [env: UV_NO_CONFIG=]
  -h, --help                       Display the concise help for this command
  -V, --version                    Display the uv version

Use `uv help` for more details.

管理

开发项目的话，使用uv init

uv init 你的项目名

查看

(base) [root@VM-113-76-centos /data/projects/personal/py-demon]# tree
.
├── hello.py
├── pyproject.toml
├── README.md
└── uv.lock

0 directories, 4 files
  • uv.lock是锁定的依赖，类似于pip freeze
  • pyproject.toml是项目的配置文件, 里面有依赖的版本信息和python版本信息

加包

uv add requests

通过uv安装包, 会进一步更新lock文件, 也会更新pyproject.toml文件, 当迁移项目时，只需要将这两个文件拷贝到新环境即可

运行或同步

uv run hello.py

或者

uv sync

补充

这里要特别说明, 使用uv管理的项目，都要使用uv run xxx.py来运行，而不是直接使用python xxx.py, 因为uv会自动激活虚拟环境，而python不会

2024-09-23补充

对于已有项目，使用如下步骤进行环境统一

1. 初使化环境

uv init --python=3.12

2. 如果当前shell的解释器不是3.12，需要切换到3.12或者使用venv

uv venv python=3.12

3. 添加依赖

uv add requests

4. 使用

uv run hello.py

总结

uv做为python项目管理，兼顾效率，稳定性，相对以前的venv（需要手动激活shell path）和miconda的不足（容易互相污染各解释器的安装包环境），加上rust的加持，是非常方便的整体方案解决利器，推荐使用